The production process, accidental injuries to operators falling objects when the accident occurred.
In the construction, mining, metallurgy, oil exploration, tunneling, deforestation and other workplaces are hurt by falling objects exist that operating personnel may be.
Such accidents occur suddenly, less than dodge. Accident, head injury resulting in death and serious injury are most at risk.
It comes under attack head injury may cause a concussion, intracranial hemorrhage, meningeal contusion, skull damage, serious injury, resulting in dysfunction of the human body, ranging from disability, the case can endanger human life.
Therefore, in the above workplace operations personnel must wear safety helmets.
What is the helmet
Of the human head by falling objects and other damage caused by specific factors play a protective role of the hat as a helmet.
By the cap and cap liner, with a jaw and other accessories.
Cap shell from the shell, visor, brim, top bars and other components, cap shell cap lining is the general term for the internal components from the hat hoop, suction Han belt, lining and cushioning devices with the composition of the lower jaw on the chin with the Department of , from the fixed effect of the tape, the lace and locking cards.
Helmet protective role is to:
When the operators head by the impact of falling objects, the use of helmet cap and cap liner in the first moment of impact to break down the entire area of the skull, and helmet use in all areas: the cap and cap lining structure, materials and set the buffer structure (jack, tied rope, thread, cushion, etc.) of elastic deformation, plastic deformation and structural damage will be allowed to absorb most impact, so that the final effect to reduce the impact of staff to head 4900N or less, thus helping protect the operating personnel, the head does not hurt or harm reduction effect.
Classification of helmets:
Helmet is a personal protective equipment in production volume, use one of a wide range of important protection products, more variety of types, structural forms.
By the use of helmets can be divided into general operations and special operations class of two classes.
General job class helmets: a general impact protection performance, there is the impact for workplace injuries, such as construction, shipbuilding operations and so on.
Class helmets special operations: addition to the general impact protection performance also has special protection outside the workplace needs, such as static electricity protection, protective lateral rigidity, flame protection, temperature protection and so on.
Based on the cap shell material can be divided into plastic helmet, fiberglass helmet, glial helmets, helmets bamboo, aluminum helmets
The first four materials helmet manufacturers are more production in large quantities, is widely used, aluminum helmets production, use less.
The size of the Security brim feet can be divided into non-along, a small edge, the edge, and large along.
Regardless of helmet materials, structures differ, the use of helmets in accordance with the technical requirements of its class is the same.
Material
1, the cap shell material
The cap helmet shell materials are synthetic resin, metal, resin and plastic.
Overall cap helmet shell materials play an important role in the fight against performance, therefore, should be based on different structural forms of cap and select the appropriate material.
Synthetic resin materials:
Currently widely used materials, the types have unsaturated resin, polycarbonate, ABS, polyethylene, modified polypropylene, etc., using helmets made of these materials have good impact resistance and light weight, the appearance of good quality, with a variety of structural forms to choose from.
Metallic materials (such as aluminum) production of helmets:
The impact resistance than glass fiber reinforced plastic and helmets, this helmet is not in danger of electric shock used at the workplace.
Gelatinous material of the helmet:
With good impact resistance, rigidity, heat resistance, corrosion resistance and anti-static, has long been the preferred miners helmet.
Made with bamboo helmets:
A country-specific material, used in southern China early years more.
Prepared bamboo helmets toughness, has good impact resistance, air permeability best puncture resistance is poor, usually in the top of the shell and plate cap puncture enhance its performance.
Bamboo helmet impatience burning, not in a fire source used at the workplace, and the helmet is hand-woven bamboo, quality assurance is not easy.
In recent years, the number of China's bamboo helmet less and less.
2, cap lining material
Helmet cap lining materials are high and low pressure polyethylene, synthetic fiber, cotton belt.
Cap liner material should have good strength and impact resistance, harmless to the skin and allergic response to the impact cap liner material selection should take into account the performance of the cap shell with coordination and cooperation.
Technical requirements
1, the size requirements
Helmet size requirements for: cap shell internal dimensions, visor, brim, vertical spacing, horizontal spacing, wearing height, prominence, and ventilation holes.
Vertical spacing and height of which is to wear helmets, two important size requirements.
Vertical spacing is the wearing of helmets, the highest point of the head shell and cap the axial distance between the tables (not including top bars of space).
Size requirement is 25 mm to 50 mm.
Wear height is the wearing of helmets when the helmet to the bottom side of the head cap hoop highest point of the axial distance.
Size requirement is 80 mm to 90 mm.
Vertical spacing is too small to wear helmets directly affect the stability of any failure of these two requirements will directly affect the overall safety helmets.
2, the weight requirements
In the premise of ensuring safety, the weight of the lighter the better helmets can reduce the operating personnel time to wear the neck caused by fatigue.
Small edge, the edge, roll along the weight of helmets should not be more than 430 grams;
Large along the helmets should not be more than 460 grams of weight;
Cold weight of helmets should not be more than 690 grams (the weight above requirements do not include additional components).
3, the safety performance requirements
Security is the protective performance of helmets, including the basic performance requirements and special performance requirements, is to determine whether or not helmets qualified products an important indicator.
Helmet standard GB2811-1989 clearly states the product should meet the requirements of helmets.
These products must meet the performance requirements of the target, whether it is the producer, user, or marketers should as a basis to determine whether the helmet factory, sale and use.
Product eligibility criteria for helmets to implement national industrial production license management and security identity management.
GB2811-89 "helmet" standards are mandatory implementation of the standards.
Helmet manufacturer of the product by the competent authorities of the system must be reviewed and approved, must have the production equipment, tooling equipment, environmental conditions and the necessary facilities, equipment, product testing, quality control personnel, inspectors, technicians and production personnel, organization production capacity, quality management and control, factory inspection capabilities.
Production of every batch of products must be inspected before sampling the factory.
Enterprises in their factory's products shall bear a label containing the following information and categories:
A name and category;
Two business name, address;
Three manufacturing year, month;
Four factory certification;
Five production license number of the signs and markers;
Six product implementation standards;
Seven laws and regulations require labeling of content.
According to the state Economic and Trade Commission March 6, 2000 "issued with Personal Protective Equipment Standard (Trial)", equipped with helmets typical types of work involved, including:
Foundry workers, electricians, blast furnace workers, cold workmanship, road construction workers, oil rig workers, mining workers, 25 typical types of work.
There are many types of work each similar to a typical types of work, such as: close to 32 jobs by the electrician, blast furnace workers have close to 145 jobs.
Enterprises in accordance with the standard protective equipment should be equipped with helmets, operators can also follow the provisions with requirements.
Product selection criteria in the choice of helmet users, should be selected in line with relevant state regulations, marking complete, helmets passed the test, you should check its recent inspection reports.
And the purpose of protection according to the different choice of different varieties, such as:
The use of personnel charged workplace, should be selected with electrical insulation performance and inspection of the helmet;
In the low temperature operation, should choose a low-temperature performance and inspection of protective helmets.
Otherwise, it can not meet the requirements of protection required.
Improper use and storage will lead to wear helmets when no protection in effect under attack.
According to statistics, falling objects, 15% of injury accidents due to improper use of helmets.
So, you can not wear a helmet that can make the head from injury.
It should be noted in the course of the following questions:
1, the use of helmets should be checked prior to the appearance of whether there are cracks, bumps and scars, uneven wear, cap lining is complete, the structure of cap liner in a normal state, the helmet such as the existence of significant deficiencies that affect their performance on the timely scrapped, so as not to affect the protective effect.
2, users can not arbitrarily remove or add injury in helmet attachment, so as not to affect its original protective properties.
3, the user can freely adjust the size of cap liner, which will directly affect the protective performance of helmets, the impact of litter occurs, wear a helmet is not strong due to prolapse or after the peak due to the impact of direct injury of the wearer.
4, the wearer when in use is sure to wear a helmet, wearing a prison, not shaking, chin to fasten belt, adjust the hoop to prevent the helmet off after a good.
5, can not privately injured in a helmet perforated, not random crash helmet, safety helmet when not to ride the bench, so as not to affect its strength.
6, or done by the test received a shock helmets should be invalidated and can not be used again.
7, the helmet can not have acid, alkali or chemical contamination of the environment, storage can not be placed in the high temperature, sunlight, or damp places, so that its aging deterioration.
8, within the validity period should be noted that use of helmets, twigs woven helmet is valid for 2 years, plastic helmets is valid for 2 years and a half, glass steel (including steel PVA) and colloidal helmets valid for 3 years and a half, over the period of helmets should be scrapped.
