Safe evacuation of subway accident presented and discussed
Abstract The Guangzhou Metro Line accident safe evacuation of the structure, and systems; and emergency procedures and measures to further improve the subway disaster, evacuation capabilities were discussed.
I. Introduction
Guangzhou Metro Line June 28, 1999 was put into commercial operation, line length 18.5 km, a total of 16 stations, the current average daily volume of 176,000 passenger trips, the highest volume of 393,000 daily passenger trips, the peak density of 5 minutes for a train Train, train punctuality rate of 99.6%.
Along with social progress, urban development, to increase and improve the rail network, public transport travel options, increasingly popular subway, while MTR many large commercial sites, attracting a large number of people using the metro for sightseeing and shopping. Flow density of the subway as a public gathering places, facing sudden accidents, the safe evacuation of the task more difficult.
Second, the technology to ensure safe evacuation
Metro faces serious incidents, there are explosions, fires, major equipment failure, of which the most representative of the fire, the Guangzhou Metro Line in the design, construction period, put the fire safety evacuation as the focus, from the system , equipment and other technical means to provide protection.
(A) underground stations and tunnel fire
1 fire rating and fire district
Guangzhou Metro Line of the underground works and entrances, ventilation, fire resistance rating of a pavilion. Underground stations, fire-resistant material separated into fire district, the beginning of the station public areas, the device management space fire district does not exceed the maximum permitted area of 1,500 square meters.
Station with property development, property development zone as a separate fire district, fire district is located in each of two independent, direct access to the ground evacuation routes. Property Development in accordance with relevant specifications take effective fire prevention measures, self-contained, and the fire station between the use of fire separation roller shutter doors, so that these areas in case of fire does not affect passenger evacuation stations and station security.
Subway station fire, the property can be connected with the export of evacuation, but the property of fire, evacuate the subway station can not serve as its exports.
(2) emergency evacuation
Required by local public passenger stations (including emergency evacuation) of sufficient width walkways, each station walkway of not less than three, and at least 2 to direct the ground. Site arrival hall escalator increases the total width of the stairs, to ensure the case of fire in six minutes of waiting passengers to the platform and a train full of passengers and station staff to evacuate to the next level.
3 smoke partition
Stations in public areas take advantage of concrete beams under the floor into smoke partitions, smoke partitions each area of not more than 750 square meters, the beam height is not less than 500 mm, in the unconditional use of beam separation, the use of fixed smoke screen. Site public area of the stairs, escalators and station openings for pedestrian openings with fixed smoke smoke screen for separating.
4 firewalls, fire doors
Between each fire district stations (including the floor, the elevator wall structure) are setting up a firewall, its fire resistance is 4 hours. Firewall on the door with Class A fire doors, the door opening direction toward the evacuation direction (ie, safe area).
5 building decoration materials
Subway station the selected non-burning materials, decoration materials, all bare wind, water, electricity lines, to meet the premise of using the function can be used for proper fitting, and depending on the specific requirements of fire-resistant materials or coatings were processed. Equipment, pipelines across the floor and block walls, fire-resistant sealing materials, sealing materials, fire resistant and fire-resistant wall where the location and the same time.
6 water system and gas fire extinguishing system
6.1 Fire water system
Underground tunnel for each direction of traffic along the left side of the station from the ground into a fire hydrant water mains, two water mains and connected at the station, subway stations and the range of a ring fire water supply pipe network. Fire hydrant layout to meet any part of the two jets of water can reach the same time, and the water column flow per share is not less than 5L / S, also enrich the water column length is not less than 10 meters. Distribution hall floor, double outlet DN65 site using fire box, spacing of 40-50 m; export used elsewhere DN65 single fire box, spacing of 30 meters. Interval no fire box, but aside DN65 single export fire hydrant mouth, spacing of 40-50 meters. Into the range of the station platform ends, each with 2 sets of fire fighting equipment box.
6.2 Fire Extinguishing System
Stations and depots across the major equipment rooms, such as: communications equipment room, signal equipment room, substation control room, hyperbaric chamber, low pressure chamber, rectifier transformer rooms, electrical control room environmental control; control center equipment room, such as: communications equipment room, signal equipment rooms, power monitoring equipment room, electrical and mechanical equipment, monitoring equipment room, the main substation main transformer room, control room capacitor room, switch room, mezzanine and other cables using automatic gas fire extinguishing system. Gas extinguishing media fire-extinguishing system for the Inergen (INERGEN), total flooding fire extinguishing method using a combination of distribution chamber system.
(B) ventilation and air conditioning and smoke control systems
Underground stations, according to the characteristics of the subway system is divided into three systems:
Tunnel ventilation system, including the range of ventilation systems and station tunnel ventilation system
Station, ventilation and air conditioning systems in public areas (referred to station large systems)
Station device management space ventilation and air conditioning system (referred to station a small system)
1 tunnel ventilation system
In case of fire, the tunnel ventilation system can quickly rule out the smoke and provide the necessary fresh air to passengers, the head-wind-induced formation of certain passengers were safely evacuated, when the train is running in the range of fire, as far as possible towards the front of the train station, in evacuation of passengers in front of the station, in front of the station tunnel ventilation system using smoke and fire-fighting equipment, fire exclusion; If there is not run to the front of the train station and parked in the range of the tunnel, the train drivers, train place according to the evacuation of passengers, and through the communication system to control center and train station reports the majority of passengers to evacuate the disaster and the direction, control centers according to the direction of the majority of the evacuation of passengers, the train fire location, and location of the train where the range to determine the appropriate tunnel fire ventilation system operating mode and to initiate the mode of fire ventilation.
2 station ventilation and air conditioning systems in public areas (referred to station large systems)
Fire station, the station immediately stop air-conditioning water system, converting a large system into fire mode, the station (including the mode and site of fire station hall fire mode).
3 station device management space ventilation and air conditioning system (referred to station a small system)
Device management space station locale small systems, smoke control system has the following three categories:
3.1 gas fire extinguishing system within the scope of protection of the room
When the gas fire extinguishing system to protect the control panel receives an alarm signal when the two areas that is recognized as a fire, close the control panel first delivery of protected areas, the exhaust pipe on the damper, then spraying fire-extinguishing gas, until it reaches its design submerged time required to enter the protected area sure fire extinguishing, ventilation system and then converted to the appropriate fire-extinguishing gas to exclude normal ventilation and air conditioning mode or system mode.
3.2 greater than 509 m2 floor area of the room
When the fire alarm system receives a fire signal to confirm the room, room service on the ventilation and air conditioning system to the corresponding pre-exhaust mode, while the channel outside the room exhaust system startup, the use of fire into the fire area the fire-fighting equipment.
3.3 is less than 509 square meters floor area of the room
Each room delivery, exhaust pipes are equipped with 70-degree cut off fuse-type dampers implementation of fire prevention, fire channel outside the room exhaust system starts, firefighters entered the fire area to use the fire-fighting equipment.
(C) fire fighting equipment supply
And all disaster-related power load are a load; All are flame-retardant wire and cable; fire still running are flame retardant wire and cable equipment, fire-resistant; flame retardant is not less than B; All fire alarm system, laying of transmission lines and wear metal tube coated Fanghuo Qi.
(D) emergency lighting
Station, emergency lighting battery room of a station power supply for emergency lighting and sign lighting, for one hour to evacuate the power supply; station entrances, distribution room, device management space, evacuation routes, escalators, channel bend, the stairs are equipped with an accident lighting.
(E) evacuation instructions
Evacuation signs lighting powered by the emergency lighting circuits; station entrances, distribution hall, site, device management space, evacuation routes, escalators, channel bend, intersection, stairs are equipped with emergency lighting lamps.
(F) communication and broadcasting
Control center located in the fire control center to set up a dedicated telephone municipal public security fire command center reported the situation and dispatch the fire control center wired telephone switchboard, you can call the extension of the station control room; in addition to wired communication systems, wireless communication along the line systems, disaster situations, as subway workers and mobile workers within the fixed contact between the efficient means to undertake the task of disaster prevention dispatch communication.
(G) fire alarm system (FAS system)
FAS system's main functions are: to monitor the fire alarm, make sure the fire disaster, issuing mode commands to the electrical and mechanical equipment monitoring system, start the appropriate fire linkage device, and report the control center. FAS system in the Metro Depot, the main substation, the station's public areas, equipment areas, shops, set the point type of photoelectric smoke detectors and linear infrared beam-type smoke detectors.
(H) Monitoring System (EMCS system)
EMCS system's main functions are: to the normal range of tunnel ventilation mode control and disaster-mode control; fire, accept the FAS system command, control station, ventilation and air conditioning systems and related equipment to the disaster operation mode.
Third, the safe evacuation of the management measures
(A) the information transfer process to develop a variety of accidents and emergency handling procedures, which guaranteed disaster situations, can calmly.
In the subway operations, accidents can happen at any time, and the type of accident is various. For Guangzhou Metro for new staff, new lines, new equipment, lack of experience, and increased emergency treatment more difficult. Therefore, to ensure the normal subway operation, security, punctuality, in addition to strengthening safety education for employees, safety training, serious labor discipline and work discipline, the establishment of safety oversight mechanisms, the development of a variety of accidents and emergency information transmission process is the process very necessary.
1. "Vehicle Safety Regulations Department."
2. "Contingency plans for the devastating earthquake,"
3. "Emergency Operations Program"
4. "Emergency approach"
5. "Traffic incident management rules."
6. "Emergency information reporting procedures."
(B) on a regular basis to simulate a variety of speech refining contingency plans.
Developed a variety of accident and incident information transmission process emergency procedures, because the diversity and complexity of the accident, and the quality of the operator, the level of ideology and other factors, on a regular basis to simulate a variety of contingency plans is essential to refining the speech:
1 inspection departments, and types of personnel, coordination, cooperation as well as rapid response capability and coordinated combat capability;
2 Check all departments and jobs, especially in the control center for emergency incident command capabilities;
3 Check in complex situations, such as fire engines, ambulances, rescue vehicles, police personnel deployed, how to contact and cooperate with each other, so that firefighters, paramedics, rescue workers, police officers familiar with MTR station environment;
4 performed by mixing, the formulation of the development of accident and emergency information transfer process step by step process to modify, add, improve,
5 Enhanced full safety awareness, and gradually increase the relevant professional, the ability to respond to the types of personnel, the overall accident rescue capability to meet the training team's purpose.
Fourth, some experience and explore
(A) advanced systems combine with high-quality staff, can really play a role. Guangzhou Metro Line train and major systems are complete from abroad, with the world in the late 1980s, the advanced level, for the prevention, laid the foundation for safe evacuation, coupled with a highly qualified operator , tight and perfect rules and regulations and operating procedures, in particular, regularly play a variety of simulated emergencies refining, greatly increased the levels of management, the operator the ability to respond to emergencies. As July 2000, the East Pass station occurred due to low voltage switchgear internal overheat and burn fires. At that time the fire alarm system monitoring probes to detect a fire, call the police, on duty staff immediately rushed to the scene confirmed that the organization put out the fire immediately, then in accordance with "emergency approach", organized fire alarm, evacuation sites, and waiting passengers arrived passenger train station, each system into fire mode of operation for fire fighting and smoke, in 10 minutes to put out the fire, Metro 30 minutes to restore normal operation.
(B) the fire, melting the awareness of safe evacuation in the design, construction, can bring disaster prevention operations "multiplier" effect, after the rectification is not only "half done", may regret. Such as a station, because land acquisition and urban planning restrictions and other difficulties, and the wind into the air pavilion pavilion are in close proximity, in the stations, smoke testing, we found that the smoke exhaust system is to be discharged into the air pavilion inhalation new wind tunnel , smoke intrusion into the station. The results have to modify the operating mode of fire, after many tests, only to confirm that the fire station operating mode, the abi, , lity of the original system model discount. Another example: evacuation signs, originally installed in the ceiling or wall 1.8 meters under the Department, along with changes to the specifications, in particular, the actual scene of the fire situation, evacuation signs and even embedded in the wall 0.5 m at the ground, the effect is more obvious. If you reinstall, the effect of station renovation greater impact.| Updated:2011.11.25 Source: Clicks:1900
