Since the beginning of fire fighting and evacuation, escape
In social life, the fire has become a threat to public safety, endanger people's lives and property of a multiple disaster. According to statistics, the world's 10,000 or so a day of fire, dead more than 2,000 people, injured 3,000 to 4,000 people each year, a fire caused direct property losses of more than 10 billion yuan. In particular, is caused by dozens of people, hundreds of people died of malignant large fires continue to occur, the state and people's lives and property caused huge losses. Summary of the past, resulting in significant economic losses Qunsiqunshang and the lessons of the catastrophic fire, one of the most fundamental point is beginning to strengthen and improve the fire fighting ability of people to escape the fire evacuation.
First, since the beginning of the fire fighting
Since the beginning of the fire, also known as the initial fire, is the initial stage of fire, usually within ten minutes after the fire. In the early stages of the fire is relatively slow rate of biomass burning, the flame is not high, the radiation heat burning low, the combustion is small. The presence of personnel such as the right approach to take, simple to use fire-fighting equipment can quickly put the fire out; but if measures properly, will result in the spread of fire, increased fire losses.
Since the beginning of fire fighting, usually refers to a fire after a full-time fire brigade did not arrive on the scene before the fire occurred just as the accident to take measures to deal with. Whether it is obligatory fire brigade personnel, or full-time firefighters, residents or the general public, fighting the fire since the beginning of the basic strategies and principles is the enemy. In the beginning of fire fighting, must follow: first, after the elimination of control, save the first, the first priority after the general principles.
1. After the elimination of the first control
Means for not immediately fighting the fire, continued to be the first to control the fire spread and expand, the availability of fire fighting conditions, to carry out comprehensive fighting. Better conditions for confined indoor fires, the fire is not well prepared, you must close the doors and windows to slow the spread of fire. There is also the approach taken to cut off fuel to control the fire spread and expanded. If, after the fire near the fuel in a timely manner to a safe place, not moving, and the use of non-combustible materials every other block; of flammable, combustible gas, can be taken to close the valve, cut off the fuel supply; for the flow of flammable liquids , available soil, sand and other methods mentioned building to prevent the flow of flammable, combustible storage.
2. Save first
If someone refers to the field of fire siege by the fire, emergency personnel or firefighters trapped in the primary task is to rescue personnel from the scene out. In the application of this principle may, as appropriate, rescue and fire fighting at the same time, in order to ensure the rescue of fire started by the fire, in order to better save out of danger.
3. Refers to the beginning of fire fighting, to fully understand and careful analysis of the fire situation, the difference with the general focus on the overall situation or the safety of goods and personnel to give priority to the rescue, the rescue after the general supplies.
For electrical wiring, electrical equipment fires, first cut off the power, then use dry powder or a 1211 fire extinguishing agent. Only when no power to determine the circuit only when water fighting. In the absence of measures to take off, do not use water, foam fire extinguishing agent.
For bedding, sofas and other ordinary combustible fire, water or fire extinguisher can put out the fire directly, it can be covered in wet blankets and other items on fire.
Interior wall with the fire hydrant box reel (or fire hose), its use should be the first switch, pull the hose to the required fire site, and then open the hose nozzle to implement the fire.
Foam fire extinguisher for the upside-down and acid-base started to use fire extinguishers should be first inverted, violent shaking several times, then turn on the switch, align the flame root out the fire.
Found after the fire, regardless of fire size, should be promptly called 119 to alert the fire department. It is difficult to predict the development of the fire, even if the fire is small, but because of the nature of the material do not understand fire, improper use of fire equipment or fire extinguishing equipment failure and other reasons, fighting poor, will cause the fire growing. If this report only think of fire as the fire missed the early stages, so that the fire difficult to fight the blaze, even put out, can also cause serious damage to property.
Some fire alarm can not be timely, for two main reasons; no alarm; misconception that fire fighting will be charged; Fortunately, there are psychological Rao, think they can fight; business impact assessment of advanced fire fear, assessment money, fear of fire to affect the well, fear of criticism to eliminate teams, afraid of accountability; Some units even mistakenly provided the approval of the job to be alert. These factors there is a serious delay in the alarm time, tend to make the fire can not be controlled in time, ultimately lead to major and catastrophic fire, causing irreparable damage. So: "alarm early loss" is the numerous lessons learned, in a timely manner after the fire alarm is one of the first action.
Enterprises fire, the presence of personnel in the immediate fighting, police should also be promptly notified on duty personnel or unit leaders.
To make clear the fire alarm unit name, full address, fire location, fire material, size and fire alarm and police call people names. The alarm unit to send people to cross intersections and other access door or fire vehicles.
Second, personnel evacuation and escape
The officers to concentrate on the place, the fire suddenly upon us, will make the public from the fire scene was apocalyptic trapped, panicked rush to escape, crowding each other, resulting in heavy casualties. Thus, early in the fire, evacuation of personnel trapped people to take effective measures to implement self-help self-defense has become a primary topic at the fire scene.
1. There are evacuation plans
Place in the officers to concentrate on fire, to help people threatened by the fire danger zone in an orderly manner, must be organized to carry out the evacuation. In peacetime, the unit should be studied and fire departments, emergency evacuation plan developed and put forward in case of fire measures to stabilize emotions, different regions of the staff proposed by the task and requirements to evacuation routes and evacuation exit, draw diagram and evacuation of personnel for the exercise.
In the event of fire, set policy and work plan should be organized evacuation. Evacuation work, organize and direct the hand should be set, group action, with each other. The firefighters did not arrive at the scene before the fire ground by the fire threat must obey the fire unit's leadership and staff organization and command.
When the police reached the scene after the fire brigade, fire brigade organized by the police command. Fire unit leaders and staff should take the initiative to report the fire situation to the public security fire brigade, fire brigades to actively assist the police to do evacuation work.
2. Informed, where appropriate, to prevent confusion
In place of the fire officers to concentrate on the early stages, people do not know a fire, if the trapped personnel, and poor evacuation, fire development is relatively slow, fire unit leaders and staff should be notified first or the most negative near the exit area staff, let them evacuated out; public informed as the case then tell other people to evacuate. In the fierce fire, and evacuation conditions were better in the case, which can inform the public, so that all personnel evacuated. Specifically how the fire ground communications, depending on the particular fire is, but must ensure a quick and easy, so that in time all evacuation routes to be fully utilized.
March 20 1995, 1,700 students are Harbin Youth Palace second floor of the theater watching drama, three nightclubs in fires due to electrical short circuit, when the theater sounded Radio: Students perform a temporary stop, please exit order . At this point seven security doors all open, in the presence of the staff and students safe and sound next to divert.
3. Group to guide the implementation of
Officers to concentrate on the place in the event of fire, as people rush to flee the scene of the psychological effects of the fire after the peak may be owned and stagnation in the channel mouth, causing congestion clogging, or even extrusion. At this point, unit leaders and staff to try to guide the evacuation, evacuation routes for people to specify all.
The fire control room or sub-central control point to receive automatic alarm signal, duty staff by monitoring, staff rushed to the phone or fire point, confirm immediately after the fire started near the device or the use of fire-fighting equipment, fire fighting equipment, and dialed 119, report to public security fire department fire, later broadcasting system on the accident, according to smoke, fire, spreading the severity of the threat level in order to distinguish between different regions, by floor, by the region to inform and calm, be calm and indicate evacuation routes and directions.
Emergency lighting teams in the division of labor according to their needs quickly channel lighting, stairways and exits and other locations, enabling a variety of lighting, lighting to guide evacuation.
Group of staff have been evacuated to guide the internal use of gestures or statements and the way to guide, stabilize mood personnel to maintain order. The first part of the recent use of smoke from the fire (closed) stairs, followed by the invasion of the use of fireworks is not the ordinary staircase outside the building safety ladders or the use of evacuation balcony, corridor and other locations to detour to a safe way, the flow according to simple, reasonable guide to off-site evacuation routes.
External evacuation team should have been evacuated to the outside to guide the staff does not affect the fire safety zone.
Group should be set to prevent external alert personnel have been evacuated out of the return to dangerous areas, to maintain external order, and create conditions for the fire brigade arrived at the scene.
Rescue workers evacuated out of the critical response to the necessary on-site first aid personnel, and promptly sent to the seriously injured to the hospital for treatment.
A fire comes in a number of persons trapped by fire, some people died in the flames, while others survived, but survived. This is of course related to fire size, fire time, fire place, building alarms, smoke, fire fighting facilities, and other factors, but more importantly, depends on the person trapped by fire, when there is no imminent disaster evacuation escape ability.
Quickly evacuated when the fire hit escape, not lust property.
Building a fire the following can be evacuated to the fire floor, elevator escape, do not take the ordinary. Gas, rather than the unbearable heat and raging fire. American scholars in the 1464 building fire deaths among people of the cause of death analysis showed that, in which 1026 people died of suffocation and poisoning, accounting for 72.5%. Thus, in the fire to escape, first to prevent the toxic fumes of personal injury.
Must escape through smoke, should be wrapped with wet clothing draped body, cover your nose and mouth, the body close to the ground along the wall away from the fireworks to the exit, exit direction of evacuation. If the room with a gas mask, be sure to escape it on the head.
Body on fire, may to roll, or cover with heavy clothing pressure fire seedlings.
When the stairs are fire, smoke is closed, through the windows, balconies fled to neighboring buildings, or find no room on fire, or doors and windows closed to prevent smoke intrusions.
If the smoke is very strong, in-room door is hot, indicating that the fire has closed the door, and then can not open the door to escape. At this point plug the door should be strict, splashing water cooling, for help and awaiting rescue. Can also be used indoors or kept relief to drop the rope to escape. Located in the floor is not high, you can use tear sheets twisted into a rope to escape.
In 1985, the Swan Hotel fire, live fire floor, room 18, two Japanese visitors to three sheets of Nice, as a self-rescue rope slide from the 11th floor window 10 floors out of danger. In 1996 the second floor of the hotel Shenzhen side Creek fire, fire a serious threat to living in the 3 to 9 floor passenger safety, resulting in 29 deaths. However, living in the upstairs room of an old fire professor in the fire falls calm, determined to take effective measures to prevent violations of fireworks, safe and sound.| Updated:2011.11.25 Source: Clicks:1757
