1 the problems of automatic fire alarm system
1.1 automatic fire alarm system communication protocol standard, communication protocol is not open, data format, transmission of non standard technical information exchange is not smooth
Communication protocol is the automatic fire alarm system information transmission, confirmation and response must be followed by" law", the system only rely on the perfect and reasonable standard, can be achieved between system components and more generalized information interaction, thus completing the extension, optimization of the system function. At present," in a variety of forms of bus system" as the mainstream of the automatic fire alarm system are popularized, but no domestic for" bus type automatic fire alarm system" the design of communication protocol standards because different sources ( the introduction of technology, cooperation, development and imitation), the communication protocol of the complex diversity caused a lot of problem.
1.1.1 product development and manufacturing industry benign development steps forward dimension difficult, difficult to make full use of technical resources
( 1) the R & D and manufacturing enterprise product development behavior locked up, application technology and miscellaneous, technical content difference is big, difficult to accomplish, reasonable and orderly, more do not talk to go up with the synchronization of advanced technology and international standards. System closure caused by different manufacturers products are not interchangeable, expanding of system function hard, restricted the development of automatic fire alarm industry.
( 2) repeated development, information resource cannot be shared, resulting in a technical and duplication of resources consumption, resulting in product development of high cost, long period, it is difficult to grasp the market opportunity and the stable market.
( 3) communication protocol is not standardized, the technical performance of products is lack of definition and identification standard, to realize the strict sense of the survival of the fittest, not only hinders the application of new technology and development, still disguised as the unfair competition add fuel to the fire.
1.1.2 system maintenance lack of standards, sustainable technical support
( 1) due to the lack of a standardized, uniform communication standard, different fire alarm equipment not interchangeable, once the system is in need of repair, replacement, cleaning, the user may be because of damage to the device without repair replacement, was forced to scrap for new or choose other enterprise products, or due to its technical support and allowed construction of automatic fire extinguishing system paralysis caused by failure, the former state property of waste, the latter forming fire hazards.
( 2) the communication protocol is not uniform, so that once a user selects a product will suffer the restrict.
( 3) as a result of communication protocol are not unified, will give a variety of automatic fire alarm products into the standardization of wide area network management obstacle, relevant state departments also difficult in online for any automatic fire alarm condition necessary supervision and inspection and the unified command.
( 4) with the development of economy, a building or a factory at the same time running two or more sets of fire alarm host more and more. How to manage these different manufacturer, different time, different types and respective independent fire alarm system is a headache problem.
1.1.3 user operating difficulty
As the fire alarm equipment market not lord it over a district of absolute strength of products, but also because of standards to the producers left too much space to develop, so the fire alarm equipment of the host is not PC as follow the pattern of the wind, but thousands of thousands, coupled with product import factors, user interface presents" UN" effect; the device itself users the interface is friendly, and daily use and operation of most of the staff do not have good professional quality and ability in foreign language, with personnel frequent change and management system not perfect, therefore a large part of fire fighting facilities have vague, not good or bad, users use the enthusiasm is not high.
1.2 automatic fire alarm system, the issue of false positives troubled user
Automatic fire alarm system on fire detection signal processing task is to eliminate interference, timely, correctly determine the fire, but the fire detector installation environment is extremely complex, because of the environment in which the air, dust, moisture, electromagnetic field, electrical transients, electrostatic and effect of human disturbance and regularity, the change characteristics and fire the smoke or temperature change has its similarities. It is widely used in all kinds of sensors in detecting fire there be congenitally deficient, not accurately the induction of various substances in the combustion process in a unique sound, spectrum, radiation, odor and other aspects are not just as one wishes. For example, ion and photoelectric smoke sensor can not only feel very wide non fire phenomenon" size", in addition to the fire produced in the process of different size and color of the smoke and some detection" blind area", false positives, omitting seriously affect users.
1.3 super early fire detection technology to be further extended detection services
In view of the special protection of objects of the importance and particularity, abroad has been developed for the clean space high sensitivity smoke detection fire alarm system, such as laser type high sensitivity smoke fire detector, air suction type high sensitivity smoke detection fire alarm system and fire detection and alarm system. Compared with ordinary fire detection system, the detection sensitivity is enhanced by two orders of magnitude, and even more. The system using a laser particle counter, laser scattering principle monitoring protected space, to within a unit volume particles increase the number to determine whether the system can be used in fire, fire occurred before a few hours or days to identify potential fire hazard, ultra early fire alarm. At present, this technique is limited to the smoke particle detection, in its application to different degrees by the application to environmental constraints, in the clean room fire detection in application are better, in some common environmental conditions in place, high sensitivity aspirating fire detection alarm system application problems.
2 improvement measures and development forecast
Fire detection and alarm time is further shortened, to minimize the fire occurred, to take timely and effective measures of fire, fire, reduce fire loss of valuable time; to further improve the reliability of fire detection and alarm system, reduce the false alarm rate, automatic alarm and linkage control fire extinguishing equipment to provide a reliable guarantee; and special places of fire detection, fire detection alarm system network and monitoring technology of fire detection and alarm areas become the new hotspot in the development of.
2.1 unified, open communication protocol standard of automatic fire alarm system is an inevitable direction of development
Automatic fire alarm system for industrial control computer network system is derived, its data transmission must strictly follow the unified, standard communication protocol, can guarantee the data transmission the readability, executable and accuracy. Relevant departments of the state organization of domestic large-scale production enterprises, step by step to standardize and unify the automatic fire alarm system communication protocol standard, formed the national mandatory standards, as a public resource to the promulgation and implementation of.
On the standardization and unification for automatic fire alarm system communication protocol standard, should aim at the current international industrial control computer network technology and the latest developments, reference has been widely accepted standard bus, communication protocol, using existing software and hardware technology, make agreements with international standards. At the same time, the protocol standard should take domestic technology is relatively advanced, product performance is relatively reliable production enterprises is the current standard for basic technical support, make domestic automatic fire alarm industry in the development of the reasonable cohesion, transition and renovation.
Intelligent building is the future direction of development, in the development of communication protocol standard, should give full consideration to the automatic fire alarm system embedded intelligent building building automation ( BSA ) system, as a subsystem of BSA, and building automation mainstream network technologies and its corresponding grief, and other compatible, can make full use of intelligent building hardware,, software resource to realize network communication, for city fire command center, city integrated information management network and other city fire system information sharing management center.
2.2 using wide-area technology to solve the city and area automatic alarm network problems and large users of different types, different brands, different period put into use the alarm system compatibility and centralized control problem
The wide area network facilities, allowing the system to a few kilometers or tens of kilometers of the region to achieve integration. Using dynamic plug-and-play technology, make the network under normal operating conditions, at any time can increase and decrease into the alarm host. Network should support more than one station, the same alarm information of different departments of the operation terminal can receive, equipment shall have a self diagnostic, self-healing and detailed records of the function. Equipment should be able to support dynamic remote operation, the user can use the telephone line remote dial-in device, dynamic monitoring, understand the state of alarm and fault information, check the on duty staff, provide reliable information for fire command. Under special circumstances, the remote monitoring points can also be used as a standby duty position, enabling the user to the alarm system is more flexible in use, more convenient. In addition, remote access functions can also be to professional repair plant and professional and technical personnel to provide remote diagnostic window, so that the fire alarm equipment normal operation to obtain the additional protection. The establishment of a unified transmission protocol, to ensure that the different types, different brands of the fire alarm host the reliable connection and communication. With pure graphics display mode, to draw a clear Chinese color simulation of topographic maps, and identifies the probe location, its graphics system should include the overall geographic layout, building or factory graph, the shop floor or a figure, alarm area room detail levels. The equipment shall be for the alarm host alarm, fault and the whole system network equipment includes a network host, communication interface, communication cable and power supply case for surveillance, facilitates the system management and maintenance. The database of the system must be able to reliably record the system host, network communication interface, communication cable and power supply case for surveillance, facilitates the system management and maintenance. The database of the system must be able to reliably record system of events occurring within the and operator action, as the fire accident inquiry and analysis provide a basis, the operator management basis.
2.3 the use of intelligent fire detection technology for the treatment of fire detector to provide fire signals, allowing automatic alarming system of fire can imitate some of the judging process, thereby reducing the false positives and false negatives, enhance the reliability of the system
2.3.1 fuzzy logic, neural network and high technology will be used for the recognition of fire
The fire detector of the discriminant functions and decision rights separation, by fuzzy logic, neural network software, prominent intelligent decision role, discriminant function more and more refined, achieved level two ( or multilevel ) discriminant, greatly improving the reliability of fire detection. In view of the variety of single sensor provides fire information are hybrid non fire information from sensors to provide fire increased difficulty, a new detection sensor ( such as a gas smell sensors ) and composite sensor ( such as on the fire process of multiple parameters were monitored by a composite sensor ) will replace the single fire detector. They are on fire to produce a variety of parameters for a variety of information analysis, filter out interference, identify true and false fire, so as to improve the accuracy of determining the fire.
2.3.2 active acquisition parameters is very important to identify true and false fire subtle information detection and toughness information detection technology applied in fire detection
At present, the fire detector used sensor are from material properties of fire process change information ( referred to as time information ) measurements, has not yet been completely solved substances characteristic information (referred to as the characteristic information of the measurement problem ). Subtle information detection and characteristic information ( referred to as the physical information of the measurement problem ). Subtle information detection and physical information of detection technology and the successful application will help to distinguish and fire signal similar, difficult to distinguish the interference signal, realizes to the flame and background interference resolution, improving the reliability and practicability of the system.
2.3.3 real analog detection alarm technology will replace" quasi" analog detection alarm technology
The current widespread use of the so-called analog detection alarm technology, is a" quasi" analog detection alarm technology, it will only detect information from the switch quantity two state information, to simulate the quantized information, although it is in the alarm threshold is near the basic can be trusted, but to achieve higher levels of detection data analysis of processing is difficult to want. True analog detection alarm technology is based on scientific computing background drift, timely correction has been floating threshold, to ensure that the original set of sensitivity constant. A typical fire curve stored in computers, detection to the scene appears is abnormal, the computer will detect point data curve and typical curves are compared to determine whether the alarm. True analog detection and alarm of the first condition is to have the real analog detection alarm, it must be determined the precision is provided within the corresponding field fire parameter values. Because the product uses the place widely, to all detectors, output value and the fire parameters of one one corresponding relation is the same. The real simulation of measuring head for the same type of probe having a uniform output signal and the corresponding fire parameter one one correspondence, preferably the output signal values and the fire parameter values in the linear relationship between the consistency of scale. If they are nonlinear relation, is manufactured the type probe with the same output -- fire parametric curves, only in this way, the controller can according to the lander information to identify the expression site of fire parameters, thus corresponding to the scene of the fire danger degree.
2.3.4 uses reliable bus communication technology, reduce the failure rate of the system
Large fire detection and alarm system for bus load, communication speed, signal transmission distance and anti-jamming of the increasingly demanding high performance, reliable bus communication technology is the realization of fire detection intelligent premise and the safeguard, but also improves the reliability of the system is important assure.
2.4 hyper forepart fire alarm technology will be more mature and widely used
Ultra early fire alarm of the main guiding principle: one is to improve the sensitivity, in early stage fire generating less time to detection and alarm; two is the detection of fire process has not yet been formed when the fire product namely ultra early fire detection and alarm. To this end, the particle counting measuring techniques used in fire detection, using active breathing method shortened the analyte sensor time arrival, the use of gas and gas fire in the early stage growth or constitute a fire element in terms of fire detection technology research, prospect is good. In the study of early fire detection technology at the same time, the fire detection and alarm of fire detection and fire alarm prediction is divided into two stages, will more vigorously promote early development of fire detection technology.
2.5 fire detection technology research have a brilliant future in several aspects
( 1) the clean environment of super early warning problem;
( 2) for moving dangerous goods and chemical disaster accident forecast and alarm detection problem;
( 3) underground and space construction complex place fire ultra early detection alarm problem;
( 4) city and area automatic alarm network problems.
3 automatic fire alarm network monitoring technology application
At present, there are many research institutes and manufacturers committed to the research and development for our country fire field characteristics of the automatic fire alarm monitoring and control network technology and related products, in the part of the city to establish a fire alarm monitoring and control network system, and fire and rescue in fire monitoring plays an important role in. Fire alarm monitoring and control network system in general by the fire alarm monitoring terminal ( also known as the fire alarm transmission equipment, referred to as the monitoring terminal ), alarm monitoring communication network, alarm monitoring center is composed of three parts. For automatic fire alarm network monitoring technology, from the device data acquisition, network transmission, system center management three aspects carries on the analysis discussion.
3.1 the equipment data acquisition
