1 French nuclear facilities
France in the nuclear field achievement is universally acknowledged. It currently has 21 nuclear power plant, a total of 56 nuclear reactors to the 56 nuclear reactor annual generating capacity of 57000000 kilowatts, accounting for 72.6% of national electricity generation, and 13.3% electric rely on coal and oil as fuel thermal power station, 14.1% from water power, the French nuclear power accounted for the proportion of total national power is the highest in the world, nuclear power output is next to the United States ( 607000000 degrees ), ranking second in the world.
2 French nuclear power plant fire
According to the French power company statistics, 1995 - 1998 in these four years, French nuclear island in operation or maintenance co occurrence of fire is 55. The cause of the fire: 44% is a man-made, mostly caused by cigarette butts, 33.5% due to electrical equipment caused by mechanical impact, 12.5% by 4% to 6%; oil fire; fire cause unknown. From the fire detection: 55 fires, 46% are found; 48% is the fire detector is reported to the police; 6% is the man and fire detectors at the same time detection and alarm. From fire fighting method: 55 fires have 12.5% people out of 52.5% are; dry powder, CO and other natural destruction facility. 25% is the automatic fire extinguishing system to fight; and 4% from the hydrant water fighting; the 55 fires have caused great harm, nor nuclear leak.
3 nuclear power plant of fire prevention
Nuclear power plant risk is quite big. An output power of 300000 kilowatts in the reactor, running to generate 900000 kilowatts of nuclear power, that is to say the reactor output consumption is only 1 / 3 to generate electricity. If the reactor suddenly stop power supply, but the reactor core is still running and continues to release energy, according to calculating the reactor to stop from 8 hours after the original power can produce 10 times more energy, a power of 300000 kilowatts output reactor, such as a sudden stop power supply, 8 hours after can generate 9000000 kilowatts of nuclear power. This is a considerable energy, this situation is very dangerous. Therefore, we must take the corresponding measure, ensure the nuclear safety. French nuclear power plant technical standard is by nuclear Protection Research Institute for Nuclear Safety Bureau, audit, approval issued by Ministry of industry and trade and nuclear safety bureau is responsible for the day-to-day supervision of the implementation of. Nuclear power plant fire prevention approaches: ( 1) stable structure. Nuclear reactor use concrete closed, its building refractory grade one or two, in order to prevent nuclear leak and fire; ( 2) fire compartmentation. Divide the fire zone, fire doors fire resistance limit for more than 1.5 hours, control the spread of fire; ( 3) tight sealing. A variety of pipe gallery, pipe, air duct, sandwich and other parts of the body to take reasonable and effective plugging, cut off the spread pathway; ( 4) the use of noncombustible or flame retardant materials, using fire retardant cable, as little as possible using the easy introduction of fire damage to equipment, reducing the combustible; ( 5) smoke. To take reasonable and effective measures of fire smoke, the smoke generated when promptly discharged; ( 6) fire detection. Automatic fire detection, rapid and timely detect fires and point; ( 7) reliable automatic fire extinguishing system. The water, gas automatic fire extinguishing system. In order to improve the system safety, on site, the current cable, fire extinguishing systems using a" double insurance", once a fault occurs, the other circuit will automatically switch operation.
4 French nuclear fault handling organization and its functions
( 1) state: Ministerial Committee for nuclear security. The direct leadership of the Ministry by the prime minister, minister. Ministerial Committee set up under the Secretariat by 12, 13 people, from various ministries transfers, the Secretary-General is the governor level, main responsibilities: a major nuclear accident when coordinated command, main responsibilities are as follows:
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs : report of the International Atomic Energy Agency, inform the EC and neighboring countries.
Ministry of environmental protection: report of the International Atomic Energy commission. Responsible for the water, air and other test; help the accident location of the governor processing nuclear accident impact on the environment.
Department of transportation: command of the nation's transportation, to stop the nuclear accident in train, plane, ship operation. The governor has the power to command the area traffic.
The Department of Defense: when needed, to send gendarmerie, anti-chemical forces to intervene.
Interior : the collection of information, coordination, command troops and police to deal with the accident.
The Ministry of industry ( also known as the Ministry of industry and trade ): nuclear safety departments, set up command center. Occurs after a nuclear accident, the governor and the departments concerned on the rescue of views and information.
Nuclear Safety Research Institute : the experts according to region and different division of labor, occurred after a nuclear accident, upon receipt of the notice, immediately rushed to the Security Council and the command center, participate in command, dispatch. The proposed nuclear accident information, recommendations for nuclear accident treatment measures. The responsible for nuclear accident investigation work, after a week of accident consequences, and further measures to be taken advice.
( 2): Governor governor is met with an accident, command execution special intervention programs and the only person. Responsibilities: 1. Notice the mayor and citizens; the necessary current command to take special intervention program.
( 3): each nuclear power plant nuclear power plant with rescue and fire command center, directly under the command of stationmaster, the center also is a multi functional organization, responsible for all security technical problems of power station, nuclear power station stationmaster is occurring after a nuclear accident, under orders to take internal intervention and the only person.
